A new study published in Allergy evaluated the effect of a postnatal probiotic combination on the development of allergic diseases in very preterm infants. This was a sub-study—a priori secondary outcome of the ProPrems multi-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Overall 1099 preterm infants were randomized to receive a probiotic combination or placebo soon after birth until discharge from hospital or term corrected age (CA), which ever was earlier. Allergic diseases – eczema, atopic eczema, food allergy, wheeze and atopic sensitization, were assessed in a subgroup of 281 infants. The results showed no difference in eczema incidence between probiotic and placebo groups. Meanwhile, the incidence of atopic eczema, food allergy, wheeze and atopic sensitization were similar between the probiotic and placebo groups. Hence, there existed no effect of postnatal administration of a probiotic combination on the incidence of allergic diseases or atopic sensitization in the first two years of life, in children born very preterm. Therefore, evidence that probiotics are effective in the prevention of allergic disease in premature infants remains lacking and further studies are necessary.